Una sociología de la gobernanza medioambiental para la transformación eco-social. Claves sobre el caso de la Unión Europea
Barra lateral del artículo
Contenido principal del artículo
Resumen
Las políticas contra el cambio climático se han orientado mayormente a reducir la emisión de gases de efecto invernadero. Hay un creciente consenso en torno a que las principales soluciones aplicadas (tecnológicas, mercados y conductuales) no han traído los resultados esperados. Por lo tanto, se considera necesario aplicar otras políticas más ambiciosas, como pueden ser los cambios organizativo-institucionales, estructurales, y sistémicos, con una orientación más sustantiva y restaurativa del clima. Para promover estas soluciones se necesita una mejor acción de los Estados, gobiernos e instituciones públicas, desde una legítima y efectiva gobernanza medioambiental, basada en una desarrollada meta-gobernanza y en tres pilares de gobernanza (democrático-participativo, epistémico y social-civil). Estas teorizaciones se aplican al caso de la gobernanza medioambiental y climática de la Unión Europea (UE). En base a materiales secundarios y literatura científica empírica, se observa que la UE se ha marcado unos objetivos crecientemente ambiciosos, que su meta-gobernanza ha sido limitada con un enfoque blando y coordinador, y que sus pilares de gobernanza han tenido un desarrollo limitado, pero con dinámicas e iniciativas. A pesar de sus claras debilidades, la gobernanza medioambiental de la UE presenta una capacidad potencial para avanzar en la transformación eco-social.
Descargas
Detalles del artículo
Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución-NoComercial 4.0.
Citas
Adam, B., Bell, W., Burawoy, M., Cornell, S., DeCesare, M., Elias, S., ... y Westbrook, L. (2009). Handbook of public sociology. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers.
Andre, P., Boneva, T., Chopra, F. y Falk, A. (2024). Globally representative evidence on the actual and perceived support for climate action. Nature Climate Change, 14, 253- 259. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41558-024-01925-3
Antal, M., Plank, B., Mokos, J., y Wiedenhofer, D. (2021). Is working less really good for the environment? A systematic review of the empirical evidence for resource use, greenhouse gas emissions and the ecological footprint. Environmental Research Letters, 16(1), 013002. https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/abceec
Boswell, J., Dean, R., y Smith, G. (2023). Integrating citizen deliberation into climate governance: Lessons on robust design from six climate assemblies. Public Administration, 101(1), 182- 200. https://doi.org/10.1111/padm.12883
Campos, I. y Marín-González, E. (2020). People in transitions: Energy citizenship, prosumerism and social movements in Europe. Energy Research & Social Science, 69, 101718. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.erss.2020.101718
Cieplinski, A., D'Alessandro, S., y Guarnieri, P. (2021). Environmental impacts of productivity-led working time reduction. Ecological Economics, 179, 106822. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolecon.2020.106822
Cotta, B. (2024) Unpacking the eco-social perspective in European policy, politics, and polity dimensions. European Political Science, 23, 1-13. https://doi.org/10.1057/s41304-023-00453-6
De Spiegelaere, S., y Piasna, A. (2017). The why and how of working time reduction. European Trade Union Institute.
Dupont, C., Moore, B., Boasson, E. L., Gravey, V., Jordan, A., Kivimaa, P., Kulovesi, K., Kuzemko, C., Oberthür, S., Panchuk, D., Rosamond, J., Torney, D., Tosun, J., y von Homeyer, I. (2024). Three decades of EU climate policy: Racing toward climate neutrality? WIREs Climate Change, 15(1), e863. https://doi.org/10.1002/wcc.863
Eurofound (2023). Working time in 2021–2022. Publications Office of the European Union, Luxembourg.
Ewert, B. (2020). Moving beyond the obsession with nudging individual behaviour: Towards a broader understanding of behavioural public policy. Public Policy and Administration, 35(3), 337- 360. https://doi.org/10.1177/0952076719889090
Friant, M. C., Vermeulen, W. J., y Salomone, R. (2021). Analysing European Union circular economy policies: Words versus actions. Sustainable Production and Consumption, 27, 337- 353. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.spc.2020.11.001
Galego, D., Moulaert, F., Brans, M., y Santinha, G. (2022). Social innovation & governance: a scoping review. Innovation: The European Journal of Social Science Research, 35(2), 265- 290. https://doi.org/10.1080/13511610.2021.1879630
García, E. (2022). Environmental sociology and sociology for sustainability, from a historical European perspective. Social Science Research Network, 2(27), 1-22. http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3860530
Haider, M., Shannon, R., y Moschis, G. P. (2022). Sustainable consumption research and the role of marketing: A review of the literature (1976-2021). Sustainability, 14(7), 3999. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14073999
Hickel, J. (2020). Less is more: How degrowth will save the world. Random House.
Hix, S., y Høyland, B. (2013). Empowerment of the European parliament. Annual review of political science, 16, 171-189. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-polisci-032311-110735
Jager, N. W., Newig, J., Challies, E., y Kochskämper, E. (2020). Pathways to implementation: Evidence on how participation in environmental governance impacts on environmental outcomes. Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory, 30(3), 383-399. https://doi.org/10.1093/jopart/muz034
Jessop, B. (2011). Metagovernance. En M. Bevir (Ed.) The SAGE Handbook of Governance, (pp. 106–123). Sage.
Jorgenson, A. K. (2012). The sociology of ecologically unequal exchange and carbon dioxide emissions, 1960-2005. Social Science Research, 41(2), 242-252. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssresearch.2011.11.011
Lascoumes, P., y Le Galès, P. (2007). Introduction: Understanding public policy through its instruments. From the nature of instruments to the sociology of public policy instrumentation. Governance, 20(1), 1-21. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0491.2007.00342.x
Meuleman, L. (2018). Metagovernance for sustainability: A framework for implementing the sustainable development goals. Routledge.
Meuleman, L. (2023). A metagovernance approach to multilevel governance and vertical coordination for SDGs. En A. Breuer, D. Malerba, Srinivasa, S., y Balasubramanian, P. (Eds.): Governing the interlinkages between the SDGs (pp. 71-89), Routledge.
Mol, A.P. J., Sonnenfeld, D. A., y Spaargaren, G. (Eds.). (2009-2020). The Ecological Modernisation Reader: Environmental Reform in Theory and Practice. Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003061069
Moulaert, F. (2013). The international handbook on social innovation: collective action, social learning and transdisciplinary research. Edward Elgar Publishing.
Pollex, J. (2017). Regulating Consumption for Sustainability? Why the European Union chooses information instruments to foster sustainable consumption. European Policy Analysis 3, 185- 204. https://doi.org/10.1002/epa2.1005
Radaelli, C. M., y Taffoni, G. (2023). Better regulation as soft law. En M. Eliantonio, E. Korkea-aho y U. Mörth (Eds.).., Research Handbook on Soft Law (pp. 116-131) Edward Elgar Publishing.
Redclift, M. R., y Woodgate, G. (Eds.). (2010). The international handbook of environmental sociology. Edward Elgar Publishing. https://doi.org/10.4337/9781849805520
Rootes, C. (2004). Is there a European environmental movement?. En Barry, J., Baxter, B., y Dunphy, R. (Eds.). (2004). Europe, globalization and sustainable development, (pp. 71-96), Routledge.
Sabel, C. F., y Zeitlin, J. (Eds.). (2010). Experimentalist governance in the European Union: Towards a new architecture. Oxford University Press.
San Román, A. y Molinero-Gerbeau. Y. (2023). Anthropocene, Capitalocene or Westernocene? On the ideological foundations of the current climate crisis, Capitalism Nature Socialism, 34(4), 39- 57. https://doi.org/10.1080/10455752.2023.2189131
Scholl, G., Rubik, F., Kalimo, H., Biedenkopf, K., y Söebech, Ó. (2010, February). Policies to promote sustainable consumption: Innovative approaches in Europe, Natural Resources Forum, (34)1, 39- 50. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1477-8947.2010.01294.x
Silvast, A. (2017). Energy, economics, and performativity: Reviewing theoretical advances in social studies of markets and energy. Energy Research & Social Science, 34, 4- 12. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.erss.2017.05.005
Smith, G. (2013). Designing democratic innovations at the European level: Lessons from the experiments. En R. Kies (Ed.) Is Europe Listening to Us? (pp. 201-216). Routledge.
Stuart, D. (2021). What is environmental sociology?. John Wiley & Sons.
Stuart, D., Gunderson E. y Petersen, B. (2020). Climate change solutions: Beyond the capital-climate contradiction. University of Michigan Press.
Szetey, K., Moallemi, E. A., Ashton, E., Butcher, M., Sprunt, B., y Bryan, B. A. (2021). Participatory planning for local sustainability guided by the Sustainable Development Goals. Ecology & Society, 26(3), art. 16. https://doi.org/10.5751/es-12566-260316
Ueckerdt, F., Bauer, C., Dirnaichner, A., Everall, J., Sacchi, R., y Luderer, G. (2021). Potential and risks of hydrogen-based e- fuels in climate change mitigation. Nature Climate Change, 11(5), 384- 393. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41558-021-01032-7
York, R. y Dunlap, R. (2019) Environmental Sociology. En G. Ritzer & W. Wiedenhoft (eds.) The Wiley-Blackwell Companion to Sociology, (pp. 283-300). https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119429333.ch17
Wiertz, D. y de Graaf, N. D. (2022). The climate crisis: what sociology can contribute. En K. Gërxhani, N. de Graaf y W. Raub (Eds.). Handbook of Sociological Science (pp. 475-492). Edward Elgar Publishing.