Perfiles de phubbing de estudiantes universitarios y su relación con factores sociodemográficos y psicológicos
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El phubbing, la conducta de ignorar las interacciones cara-a-cara por usar el smartphone, se ha normalizado entre los jóvenes y está vinculado al uso excesivo del smartphone y las redes sociales. Se ha evidenciado que estas últimas tratan de captar la atención mediante herramientas persuasivas como las notificaciones o técnicas conductistas ofreciendo recompensas variables, que refuerzan hábitos compulsivos. Este estudio analiza la relación entre el phubbing y variables sociodemográficas, rendimiento académico, malestar psicológico e impulsividad en una muestra de 783 estudiantes de la Universidad de Barcelona. Mediante la Escala de Phubbing, el Inventario Breve de Síntomas y la Escala de Impulsividad de Barratt, los resultados revelan que el phubbing no está significativamente relacionado con factores sociodemográficos ni con el rendimiento académico. Se observó una fuerte asociación del phubbing con altos niveles de impulsividad, ansiedad [OR=1.041, p=0.004] y falta de atención [OR=1,081, p=0,002], siendo estas dos últimas variables predictoras del fenómeno. Estos hallazgos refuerzan la idea de que el uso de redes sociales en los smartphones contribuye a la compulsión por revisar constantemente el dispositivo, afectando el bienestar emocional y las relaciones interpersonales. Es necesario diseñar estrategias educativas y de prevención para mitigar sus efectos negativos en los estudiantes universitarios.
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